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217 Term(s) Found

Quality assurance (QA)

  • Monitoring & Evaluation
  • Demand-side
  • Supply-side
The planned activities that are conducted during the food manufacturing process to avoid mistakes, maintain safety, and ensure that the final product meets relevant standards. Example activities related to food fortification include: obtaining a certificate of conformity or analysis from premix companies, maintaining appropriate mill records, and regularly checking the addition rate of the feeder/dosifer.

Reference(s)

WHO (2021). “Monitoring flour fortification to maximize health benefits: a manual for millers, regulators, and programme managers.”

Quality Control (QC)

  • Monitoring & Evaluation
  • Demand-side
  • Supply-side
The techniques and assessments used to document compliance of the product with established technical standards, through the use of objective and measurable indicators.

Reference(s)

WHO and FAO (2006). Guidelines on food fortification with micronutrients, World Health Organization.

Quantitative data

  • Assessment
  • Implementation
  • Monitoring & Evaluation
  • Data value chain or data life cycle
Data that are measured on a numerical scale, can be analysed using statistical methods and can be displayed using tables, charts, histograms and graphs.

Reference(s)

National nutrition information systems – the fundamental series, modules 1–5, New York: United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and the World Health Organization (WHO), 2021. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240043275

Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)

  • Assessment
  • Planning
  • Demand-side
  • Supply-side
The average daily nutrient intake level sufficient to meet the nutrient requirement of nearly all (97.5%) healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group.

Reference(s)

Institute of Medicine (2000). Dietary Reference Intakes: Applications in Dietary Assessment, The National Academies Press.

Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI)

  • Assessment
  • Planning
  • Diet
  • Dietary Diversification
  • Fortification
  • Supplementation
The dietary intake level that meets the nutrient requirements of almost all apparently healthy individuals in an age- and sex-specific population group. It is set at the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) plus 2 standard deviations. This is the reference value to determine the adequacy of nutrients in the diet of individuals.

Reference(s)

USAID (2022). Large-Scale Food Fortification Programming Guide.

Regulation

  • Monitoring & Evaluation
  • Demand-side
  • Supply-side
A legislative instrument through which governments make the application of a fortification standard compulsory. It defines institutional roles and responsibilities for checking compliance and describes penalties for lack of compliance. In some countries, technical specifications (standards) are also included as part of the regulation. In other instances, the regulation simply refers to a standard.

Reference(s)

WHO (2021). “Monitoring flour fortification to maximize health benefits: a manual for millers, regulators, and programme managers.”

Regulatory monitoring

  • Monitoring & Evaluation
  • Demand-side
Actions taken by government inspectors to ensure that fortified foods comply with the specifications of the food standards. It includes external monitoring at food processors, import monitoring at border entry points, commercial monitoring at retail and food distribution locations, commercial monitoring at retail stores and other food distribution sites, and consumption monitoring at consumer level (individual or population).

Reference(s)

USAID (2022). Large-Scale Food Fortification Programming Guide.

Relative bioavailability

  • Assessment
  • Diet
It is used to rank the absorbability of a nutrient by comparing its absorbability with that of a reference nutrient that is considered as having the most efficient absorbability. Absorption and retention of a particular chemical form of a nutrient relative to some reference form of that same nutrient.

Reference(s)

WHO and FAO (2006). Guidelines on food fortification with micronutrients, World Health Organization.

Risk

  • Implementation
  • Monitoring & Evaluation
  • All micronutrient interventions
The probability or likelihood that some unwanted effect will occur; such as "risk of inadequate intake" based on food availability or food security, "risk of deficiency" based on dietary intake, "risk of disease" based on nutritional status.

Reference(s)

Institute of Medicine (2000). Dietary Reference Intakes: Applications in Dietary Assessment, The National Academies Press.

Risk analysis

  • Monitoring & Evaluation
  • Demand-side
  • Supply-side
A process consisting of three interconnected components: risk assessment, risk management and risk communication.

Reference(s)

The Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council