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217 Term(s) Found

Surveillance data

  • Assessment
  • Implementation
  • Monitoring & Evaluation
  • Data value chain or data life cycle
Data collected on a recurring basis from designated locations (see sentinel sites) to provide insights on trends into a broader area and/or larger population.

Reference(s)

National nutrition information systems – the fundamental series, modules 1–5, New York: United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and the World Health Organization (WHO), 2021.

Target Fortification Level (TFL)

  • Planning
  • Fortification
TFL is the average micronutrient concentration of a fortified food product measured at the factory. Food factories should aim to produce products that contain this target level. It is calculated by adding the natural intrinsic concentration of each micronutrient in the unfortified food vehicle to the FFL.

Reference(s)

WHO and FAO (2006). Guidelines on food fortification with micronutrients, World Health Organization.

Target population

  • Assessment
  • Implementation
  • Monitoring & Evaluation
  • Planning
The group of individuals that the intervention intends to be implemented and/or conduct research in.

Reference(s)

Science Direct, (2018).

Targeted fortification

  • Implementation
  • Planning
  • Fortification
Fortification of foods designed for specific population subgroups, such as complementary foods for infants and foods for social programs, such as school feeding.

Reference(s)

USAID (2022). Large-Scale Food Fortification Programming Guide.

Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)

  • Assessment
  • Planning
  • Diet
  • Fortification
  • Supplementation
The highest average daily nutrient intake level likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in the general population. As intake increases above the UL, the potential risk of adverse effects increases.

Reference(s)

Institute of Medicine (2000). Dietary Reference Intakes: Applications in Dietary Assessment, The National Academies Press.

Total quality management (TQM)

  • Monitoring & Evaluation
  • Supply-side
A comprehensive and structured approach to managing a company or organization that envisions constant product improvement as a result of regular feedback and applicable operational changes. TQM procedures may be created as part of an established set of standards, such as in accordance with ISO, or a company can establish its own procedures.

Reference(s)

WHO (2021). “Monitoring flour fortification to maximize health benefits: a manual for millers, regulators, and programme managers.”

Traceability

  • Monitoring & Evaluation
  • Demand-side
  • Supply-side
Ability to follow the movement of a food product or its component through the food supply chain and within an individual company.

Reference(s)

PATH and GAIN (2015). Rice fortification toolkit: technical manual.

Universal salt iodization (USI)

  • Implementation
  • Fortification
USI refers to the addition of iodine to all salt for human consumption, either used directly by the consumer (table and cooking salt) or added to processed foods.

Reference(s)

USAID (2022). Large-Scale Food Fortification Programming Guide.

Unsafe food

  • Assessment
  • Diet
Unsafe food containing harmful bacteria, viruses, parasites or chemical substances causes more than 200 diseases, ranging from diarrhoea to cancers. It also creates a vicious cycle of disease and malnutrition, particularly affecting infants, young children, elderly and the sick.

Reference(s)

WHO Fact sheet on Food Safety (2022) https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/food-safety

Usual intake

  • Assessment
  • Diet
The long-run average intake of food, nutrients, or a specific nutrient for an individual.

Reference(s)

Institute of Medicine (2000). Dietary Reference Intakes: Applications in Dietary Assessment, The National Academies Press.