The application of methods, procedures, tests and other evaluations, in addition to monitoring, to determine whether a control measure is or has been operating as intended.

A fat-soluble vitamin that is required for a wide range of physiological processes. Vitamin A has functions in vision, immune function, cell differentiation and proliferation, intercellular communication, reproduction, bone formation and growth. Vitamin A deficiency is associated with an increased risk of mortality from infectious diseases and is a primary cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in low-income countries.

An essential micronutrient for human and animal life. Because the human body cannot produce thiamin, its supply depends almost completely on dietary intake. Thiamin is a key factor in carbohydrate and branched-chain amino acid, and lipid metabolism.

An essential nutrient which has to be consumed in animal source foods, fortified foods or supplements. Its key roles in the body include synthesis of red blood cells, nerve and brain function, prevention of neural tube defects, and prevention of growth and cognitive impairment in infants and young children.

A water-soluble vitamin which is the key building block for its co-enzymatic forms Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and Flavin mononucleotide (FMN). These serve as electron carriers in various redox reactions in energy production and metabolic pathways, including carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism; the electron transport chain and various antioxidant functions.

A water-soluble vitamin which is required in many cellular metabolic processes. Niacin functions as a co-enzyme in electron-transfer reactions such as the catabolism of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and alcohol, as a substrate for NAD-consuming enzymes, and as ligand for inhibitory neurotransmitters, pro-inflammatory cytokines and calcium mobilisation.

A water-soluble vitamin which belongs to the B-vitamin complex. Pantothenic acid acts as a precursor for the synthesis of coenzyme A (CoA) and serves as an acyl carrier protein. CoA is essential to numerous metabolic pathways that sustain life.

Vitamin B6 is the general term for 6 water-soluble vitamins with vitamin B6 activity. Some of the B6 group are essential cofactors for enzymes involved in numerous metabolic processes. They function in the nervous system, for haemoglobin synthesis and function, for tryptophan metabolism, hormone function and nucleic acid synthesis.

A water-soluble B vitamins that are critical for ensuring normal growth, development and maintenance of optimal health. A folate deficiency in women of reproductive age can increase the risk of neural tube defects in any offspring. Public health preventive measures to ensure population-level adequate intakes include the widespread use of folic acid as a supplement and food fortificant.

A fat-soluble vitamin that has a pivotal role in the mineralisation of bones and teeth. Vitamin D is closely associated with calcium, since it controls bone mineralisation through the regulation of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. Additionally, vitamin D has critical physiological roles across many body functions and systems which include: cell proliferation and differentiation, regulation of the innate and adaptive immune systems, preventive effects on cardiovascular, neurodegenerative diseases, oxidative stress reduction, cognitive decline and depression, progression of skeletal and non-skeletal diseases and against risk for malignant neoplasms.