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217 Term(s) Found

Best Before Date OR Best Quality Before Date

  • Monitoring & Evaluation
  • Demand-side
  • Supply-side
The date which signifies the end of the period, under any stated storage conditions, during which the unopened product will remain fully marketable and will retain any specific qualities for which implied or express claims have been made. However, beyond the date the food may still be acceptable for consumption

Reference(s)

FAO, WHO (2018). General standard for the labelling of prepackaged foods: CXS 1-1985

Bioavailability

  • Assessment
  • Implementation
  • Monitoring & Evaluation
  • All micronutrient interventions
  • Food vehicle
The portion of a micronutrient that can be digested, absorbed, and used for normal functions in the human body. For example, iron can be absorbed from less than 5% to nearly 20% of what is ingested, depending on the composition of the diet and the iron status of the consumer.

Reference(s)

WHO (2021). “Monitoring flour fortification to maximize health benefits: a manual for millers, regulators, and programme managers.”

Biomarker

  • Assessment
  • Implementation
  • Monitoring & Evaluation
  • Biochemical
A biomarker of micronutrient status is a measure or indicator of exposure, status, or function; more specifically, a biomarker is defined as a measure or indicator present in body fluids or tissue.

Reference(s)

Hess, S. Y., A. C. McLain, E. A. Frongillo, A. Afshin, N. J. Kassebaum, S. J. M. Osendarp, R. Atkin, R. Rawat and K. H. Brown (2021). “Challenges for Estimating the Global Prevalence of Micronutrient Deficiencies and Related Disease Burden: A Case Study of the Global Burden of Disease Study.” Current Developments in Nutrition 5(12).

Calcium

  • Assessment
  • Implementation
  • Planning
  • All micronutrient interventions
  • Biochemical
  • Diet
A fundamental nutrient that plays a central role in the skeleton. As well as for bone, calcium also has a wide range of other essential body functions, including nerve impulse transmission, vascular and muscular contraction, blood coagulation, hormone secretion, and intercellular adhesion. It is most often associated with its role in bone mineral disorders such as osteoporosis and rickets.

Reference(s)

OpeN-Global, 2019

Child

  • Implementation
  • Planning
  • All micronutrient interventions
A child is any person under the age of 18.

Reference(s)

UNICEF: The Convention on the Rights of the Child, The children’s version

Claim

  • Implementation
  • Fortification
Any representation which is printed, oral, audio or visual and states, suggests, or implies that a food has particular qualities relating to its origin, nutritional properties, nature, processing, composition or otherwise

Reference(s)

Food Safety and Standards (Advertising and Claims) Regulations (2018)

Coating (in rice fortification)

  • Implementation
  • Planning
  • Fortification
In rice fortification, coating is a technology to make fortified kernels through which rice kernels are coated with a fortificant premix plus ingredients such as waxes and gums. The micronutrients are sprayed onto the rice grain’s surface. The coated rice kernels are blended with non-fortified rice in a ratio between 0.5 and 2% (or 1:50 to 1:200).

Reference(s)

Sight & Life supplement covering the Scaling up Rice Fortification in Asia meeting in Bangkok (2014).
PATH and GAIN (2015). Rice fortification toolkit: technical manual.

Cobalt

  • Assessment
  • Implementation
  • Planning
  • All micronutrient interventions
  • Biochemical
  • Diet
Cobalt is required in the diet in minute amounts and a deficiency in humans is rare. However, cobalt toxicity is more common. Cobalt and cobalt compounds are widely distributed in nature and excessive exposure can cause deleterious immune-mediated health effects.

Reference(s)

OpeN-Global, 2019

Cold extrusion (in rice fortification)

  • Planning
  • Fortification
In rice fortification, it is a process used for manufacturing rice-shaped simulated kernels by passing a dough made of rice flour, water, a fortificant premix, binders, moisture barrier agents through a simple pasta press.

Reference(s)

PATH and GAIN (2015). Rice fortification toolkit: technical manual.

Commercial monitoring (Product label assessment)

  • Monitoring & Evaluation
  • Supply-side
The process of collecting and analysing product samples and reviewing product packaging at retail stores and other food distribution sites to confirm that the product follows specifications, such as fortificant content and labelling requirements, as outlined in the fortification standards.

Reference(s)

WHO (2021). “Monitoring flour fortification to maximize health benefits: a manual for millers, regulators, and programme managers.”